WEEKLY WORSHIP

SUNDAY IS NOT SABBATH

There is not a single verse in the Bible that instructs you to go to church on Sunday. Christians remain confused regarding the Sabbath day. The Sabbath began at sundown on Friday evening and lasted until sundown on Saturday when the first day of the week began. The Sabbath was a “sign” between God and Israel (Exo. 31:17). It has nothing to do with Gentile Christians (Acts 15:20). Additional Sabbath laws were invented by the Scribes, which made Sabbath, a day of burden rather than of blessing. Jews were not allowed even to light a fire to cook food or to do any of their customary work on the Sabbath (Exo. 35:3). Yeshua arose from the dead on a Sunday, the first day of the week, a working day for Jews. Thank Yeshua, otherwise we would not be able to eat our favorite Sunday dishes or go out for a picnic. Paul told us neither to judge others based on food, drink, or Sabbath, nor to be cheated through philosophy or traditions of men (Col. 2:8, 16-17) 

He told the Colossian Ekklesia, “Therefore let no one pass judgment on you in questions of festivals, and new moons.” Paul relegates Sabbaths to shadows, nor does he see Sunday as the replacement of the Sabbath (Colossians 2:16). Paul tolerated it but regarded those who practiced it as immature in Christ. Your salvation does not depend on which days you gather and celebrate Yeshua the Lord of the Sabbath. He flouted every man-made Sabbath law to the great annoyance of the Pharisees (Mark 7:5). Sabbath was made for man and not the other way around (Mark 2:27.28).  In the NT we do not find any direct command from Yeshua or His disciples for believers to keep the sabbath, not even a hint. If you insist on keeping the 4th Commandment, then you must also practice circumcision and sacrifices.

YESHUA WAS A TRADITION BREAKER

Yeshua took pleasure in violating ludicrous man-made Sabbath laws. His hungry disciples merrily plucked grain and ate on a Sabbath, which was unlawful even though eating plum pudding in synagogues was not. Healing a paralytic on Sabbath was a crime but circumcising on the Sabbath was not (Matt. 12:1; John 7:2223). He ate food without ritually washing His hands which upset His host – an orthodox pharisee (Luke 11:37-45). Mixing mud and spittle attracted mudslinging by Jews mired in rituals (John 9:14). Jews were a synagogue people, even though God never asked them to build one. They did so on their own while in captivity in Babylon. They were to celebrate Sabbath at home and never in a synagogue, nor did Yeshua instruct Christians to worship on Sundays in a church. Our God is a God of Sunday as well as Monday. Yeshua’s Ekklesia must function daily. He is looking for iconoclasts who will break the stranglehold of man-made Sunday traditions and reboot daily worship in homes, just as they offered daily sacrifices in the temple (Acts 2:46-47; Heb.3:13; 2 Chron. 13:11).

YESHUA WAS NO GENDER BENDER

The Bible is a book of truths and truth can prove brutal. Yeshua accepted His genealogy, which included Rahab a prostitute; Tamar who indulged in an incestuous sexual relationship with her father-in-law Judah; Ruth a Gentile; and Mary His own mother was accused of fornication (Matt. 1:18-19). He set an example for us that it is not our ancestry that matters but what we do with our lives. Yeshua committed high treason by making a bent woman stand tall at the front of a synagogue on a Sabbath day. This was an affront to the men, as women were herded behind a curtain to avoid eye contact with men. He loosed her from chains of infirmity, calling her a daughter of Abraham, which was like rubbing salt on the wound (Luke 13:10-17). Jews had a low view of women, considering them unclean. Women could make no important decision. Even today, after their niddah (menstruation) is over, Orthodox Jewish women must have their underwear examined by a Rabbi to check if there is any reddish discharge before resuming sex with their husbands.

Equal participation of women in the early Ekklesia was a giant leap forward. Sadly, the historical church has completely misinterpreted Paul, once again placing chains of infirmity on women.

YESHUA FACES THE WRATH OF THE RELIGIOUS LEADERS

Throughout church history, religious folk have proven to be the biggest headache for God. The more religious they were, the worse His migraine. The Pharisees grew angry when Yeshua asked a cripple of thirty-eight years to get out of the sick environment of the Bethesda pool (John 5:5- 17). He broke the Sabbath rule against carrying an object when he ordered the man to take up his bed. Yeshua clarified, “The Sabbath was made for man and not the other way around” (Mark 2:27). Yeshua is Lord of the Sabbath and has every right to change the goal posts. You also have the right to go into the sin sick world and command the spiritually crippled of your community to get up and walk into the Kingdom, in the name of Yeshua. (Matt. 12:8)!

SABBATH DE-RECOGNIZED BY THE EARLY EKKLESIA

When large-scale conversion of the Gentiles took place in New Testament times, the Jewish Christians called Judaizers began insisting that the Gentiles must follow the 613 Mosaic laws, including circumcision, Sabbath, even sacrifices (Acts 21:1926). This became such a serious problem for the early Ekklesia that a council was called in Jerusalem, in which all the apostles, elders, and prominent brethren (fraternity of men and women) were present. The council gave an unequivocal verdict that new Gentile believers need neither undergo circumcision nor observe the Sabbath (Acts 15:1-29). After this clarification by the founding fathers of the Ekklesia, there is no justification for observing either the Sabbath or Sunday. 

Sunday is not mentioned anywhere in the entire Bible as a special day and place for parking your luxury car while reserving a special enclosed ornate sanctuary for parking God, hoping that He will show up. But since He does not live in houses made with human hands, chances are that He might not turn up.  He might not come even during the weekdays either because unlike the Hindu Temples and Muslim Mosques which open every day, His church may be locked down during the week. The single reference to gathering on the first day of the week in Troas was a Saturday night affair. Even there they gathered and brought food which they shared with each other, but no one brought any musical instruments (Acts 20:7-13).

SYNAGOGUES, BEST PLACES FOR STEALING SHEEP

In NT times, believers met every day in their houses, and “the Lord added to their numbers daily” (Acts 2:46-47). Paul went to the synagogues on the Sabbath where he boldly persuaded the Jews, through the Scriptures, that the Messiah they were waiting for had come (Acts 13:13-26). Many became Messianic Jews, even though bitterly persecuted for doing so (Acts 17:1-6). If you feel bold enough, go to church and persuade them to come out and earn the title of “Those who turn the church upside down.” But be ready, as there may be bouncers, who might abruptly usher you out. But do not give up. Like Paul, try another church next week (Ezek. 9:3-6).

THE ATTRACTIONAL CHURCH IS A LIKE A SPECTATOR SPORT

For the first three hundred years, the Ekklesia met in the houses of the believers. Initially, the Ekklesia grew exponentially, but then it reached a plateau as Nicolaitans divided the Ekklesia into “speaking brothers” and “listening brothers.” This structural change was to permanently weaken the Ekklesia, as the intellectuals took over, turning the common people into mere spectators. Going fishing is a productive activity in which two-legged fish end up in your bag, whereas going to the church is like a weekend spectator sport in which listening brothers end up with a hole in their pocket for watching speaking brothers. The “attractional church” even employs professional cheer leaders (song and dance teams) to keep you attracted, lest you discover the truth and quit.

THE DAILY EKKLESIA CHANGED INTO A WEEKLY CELEBRATION

The Roman emperors inhumanly persecuted believers. When persecution failed to stop the advance of the gospel, the Devil changed his tactic and dangled a carrot in the form of Emperor Constantine who became a Christian but continued to worship the sun. Instead of calling it the Lord’s Day, he introduced Sun-day worship, which included veneration of the sun, by an edict in AD 321. He did many good things such as stopping persecution, but he also introduced certain pagan practices, which permanently destroyed the original form, function and purpose of the Ekklesia, designed to colonize the world. He converted pagan temples into cathedrals, appointed professional clergy, introduced sermons and choirs, thus institutionalizing Christianity. 

These man-made instruments of worship look good, even sacred and reverent, but are of no spiritual value because God never asked us to worship Him that way (Col. 2:23). These attractional changes that tried to improve on the pattern shown by our Lord led to a phenomenal growth of nominalism. To this day, these non-biblical pagan practices are the tenets and dogmas of the legacy churches.

CHRISTIANS CHOSE THE EXTRA-BIBLICAL SYNAGOGUE MODEL

Synagogues do not exist in the Old Testament because God never asked Jews to build one. They do not exist in the Epistles also as the epicenter of ministry had shifted to the Gentiles and so the Apostles had no reason to visit them. The Lord Yeshua has rejected the professional-priesthood-temple-Sabbath model, introducing the priesthood of every believer, every believer’s home a house of prayer for all nations, and every day the Lord’s Day. 

The modern church has altogether rejected Yeshua’ model, adopting the synagogue model based on the Law and Prophets, and not on the Kingdom of God. Yeshua said, “the Law and the Prophets were until John, since then the Kingdom is being preached” He further said that the violent take it by force. (Matt. 11:11-13; Luke 16:16). The first century Ekklesia experienced exponential growth and multiplication and we are once again seeing this in the house Ekklesia movements across the world, but we do not see this happening in the denominational churches. Is it because they are preaching another Gospel? (Gal. 1:8; 2Cor. 11:4)

God never asked the Jews to build synagogues, gather a minyan of ten Jews and hire a rabbi, to teach their children. Synagogues functioned as Madrassas or religious school during the rest of the week. God had specifically commanded Israelites to teach their own children (Deut. 6:1-9). Synagogues later became Jewish ghettos, just as our churches today are Christian ghettos. The rabbis opposed Yeshua and finally killed Him, just as the historical church has done to house Ekklesias throughout church history.

WORSHIP DAY IS NOT A COLLECTION DAY

There are no specific instructions for worship on any one day. Instead, the Scriptures clearly exhort us to meet daily to encourage each other: “Exhort one another daily, while it is called today, lest any of you be hardened through the deceitfulness of sin” (Heb. 3:7; 13; 4:7). However, there are instructions for the collection of money for the poor. “On the first day of the week (Saturday evening), let each one of you lay something aside.” 

This was a onetime project for the famine-stricken believers in Jerusalem. There is no provision for taking up a collection during Sunday weekly worship service for the support of the clergy and staff (1 Cor. 16:1-2). For they are to earn their own living and take care of their families (1Tim. 5:8; Acts 20:33-35)

YESHUA DELETED THE SABBATH

Sabbath had become a day of burden and discrimination against women and the Gentiles. For us, every day is the Lord’s Day. Disciple-making, baptizing, equipping and sending out believers is part of daily worship. Once-a-week worship is a man-made tradition not found in the Word of God (Mark 7:6-9). Nowhere does the Bible tell us to worship in the way we do so today. In the OT, they went as far as the altar at the temple to make sacrifices, and then came outside, raised their hands and offered a prayer of thanksgiving (Psa. 96:8). There were no padded pews in the Temple to sit and listen to priestly sermons. 

In the NT, they gathered in homes for apostolic teaching, fellowship, prayer and to share prophecies and resources. Worship included exhorting and ministering each other and sharing food with the hungry. It was not just a religious gathering but a holistic one. That is why the expression “one another” comes more than fifty times in the NT. None of this is practiced in the modern church (Acts 2:42; 1 Cor. 14:26, 31; Heb. 10:24-25; Eph. 5:21).

POTS AND PANS ARE POWERFUL EVANGELISTIC TOOLS

Yeshua sent a powerful message by eating with the despised Zacchaeus and the Samaritans (John 4:8, 40). He was called a glutton and a wine bibber because He befriended tax collectors and sinners (Matt. 11:19). Peter committed a grave crime by eating non-kosher pig with Cornelius, a Gentile, for which the Jews contended with him (Acts 11:23). Peter was so intimidated by the experience that, at Antioch, he avoided eating with the heathen, for which Paul rebuked him publicly for hypocrisy (Gal. 2:11-13). Yeshua commanded us to eat whatever is laid before us in a house of peace. One day He will knock on our door and eat supper with us (Luke 10:5-8; Rev. 3:20). He will not be satisfied with a wafer and a sip of wine, therefore, anoint your pots and pans in the kitchen before you invite Yeshua into your house Ekklesia. That will make your ministry appetizing and fulfilling (Zech. 14:20-21).

THOSE WHO LIVE BY THE SWORD SHALL DIE BY THE SWORD

There was a secret society of dagger men called Sicarii in Jerusalem. They believed themselves to be defenders of the Jewish faith. Judas (Iscariot means dagger man) was hoping that Yeshua would lead a rebellion against the Roman Empire, but when that did not happen, he sold Yeshua for thirty pieces of silver. The Sicarii had taken a vow unto death to kill Paul for associating with heathen and for defiling the temple with them. Many of Sicarii became Messianic Christians while remaining devout Jews who swore by the temple and by the Mosaic laws. Some of them followed Paul to other cities where they forced new believers to undergo circumcision and observe the Sabbath (Acts 9:23-25; 23:12-14; 15:1-5). It is no different today. There are dangerous dagger men in the church who have vowed to protect the traditions and property of the church, even if they must sell out Yeshua. They are engaged in bitter fighting, wasting time and money in courts of law, being more devoted to church property and the dogma than to obeying the commandments of Yeshua.

NO LARGE CELEBRATIONS IN THE TEMPLE

Some scholars think that the new believers sat all day, listening to the apostles preach in Solomon’s porch, until persecution broke out. This idea is sanctified imagination of the highly organized Western mind. Any meetings in the temple precincts would have attracted instant retribution from the Temple authorities. The temple was for the believers, a pond with lots of fish to catch. Their honeymoon lasted a short while. The reality was that the Jews grew hostile to the Christians, who were considered heretics, if not a lunatic fringe, who had abandoned the faith of their fathers. But for Gamaliel, the apostles would have ended up under a pile of rubble (Acts 4:1-4; 5:18, 34-42).

“GREET THE EKKLESIA IN YOUR HOUSE”

This was the famous salutation by Paul to many Ekklesias (1 Cor. 16:19; Col. 4:15; Philem. 1:2). Gathering large crowds is easy, making disciples into disciple-multipliers is a challenge. In the Scriptures, large celebrations are referred to in a derogatory way, such as the so-called love feasts of the Nicolaitans, Balaamists and Jezebellites (1 Cor. 11:20-23; Jude: 12; Rev. 2:6, 14-15). Small celebrations in the NT took place from house to house within intimate relationships (Eph. 5:19; Acts 2:46-47). Extra-large celebrations attract extra attention from the enemy with extra consequences, certainly in restricted countries.

IT WAS NOT GOD’S PLAN TO BUILD THE TEMPLE

It was David’s guilty conscience. He lived in a palace built of cedar wood whilst God preferred to live in the homes of ordinary folk like Aminadab and Obed-Edom (2 Sam. 7:1-2, 6:3-4, 10). At Yeshua’s time, the temple leadership had been totally corrupted. The Sanhedrin, an authority structure of seventy elders consisting of fanatic Pharisees and politicized Sadducees, was dominated by the High Priest who was chosen by the Roman Procurator. The Sadducees, the descendants of Zadok the high priest did not believe in resurrection and dominated the Temple, whilst Pharisees lead the synagogues (Acts 23:6-10).

Jews established synagogues while in captivity in Babylon as religious centers that God had never endorsed in the OT. Nor did God appoint the Sanhedrin as a board of governors with the High Priest as their Chairman. Synagogues Rulers (Bishops) despised Yeshua (Luke 13:14). In the synagogue, they had a crude chair made of stone called “Moses’ seat”. Rabbis would sit on it and decree rules. These man-made regulations and traditions often superseded Mosaic laws (Matt. 15: 1-3; 23:2). Thus, the Temple and the synagogues had become centers of illegitimate power and authority structures. Yeshua changed that by declaring the human heart to be the temple of God (1Cor. 6:19).

YESHUA NEARLY GOT LYNCHED FOR CLAIMING MESSIAHSHIP

Centuries earlier, Synagogues had designated an annual cycle of different Torah Parshah (Portion) to be read every Sabbath (Acts 15:21). Jesus came to Nazareth on a particular Sabbath when they would read Isaiah 61: “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim liberty to the captives and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty those who are oppressed, To proclaim the acceptable year of the LORD, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all that mourn” (Luke 4:18-19; Isaiah 61:1-2).

However, He did not read aloud the next line, “And the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all that mourn”, because He would fulfill that text when he comes to judge. He then sat down on Moses’ seat and shocked everyone by declaring, “This is fulfilled in your sight today.” The Jews knew that this was a Messianic prophecy that Yeshua, a local carpenter’s son, was claiming to fulfill. This annoyed the Jews so much that they nearly lynched Him (Luke 4:18-19, 28-29).

YESHUA WILL SOON DESTROY ALL RULE AND AUTHORITY

The house Ekklesia lasted for three hundred years until Constantine came with David-Solomon guilt complex. By building grand cathedrals, he wrecked the Households of God. Yeshua is coming again to destroy all rule, authority, and power structures, which presumably will include manipulative, exploitative, authoritarian church structures. The house Ekklesia movement is putting God back in the hearts and homes of the people (1 Cor. 3:16; 15:24; 16:19).

RULERS OF DARKNESS CORRUPT RULERS IN THE CHURCH

Sadly, today, millions of Christians willingly choose to be incarcerated in buildings observing man-made traditions. The one free day in the week that is available for us to go out and witness to the lost of this world, is lost in nonproductive religious activity, catapulting the modern church irrelevant. The pulpit suffers from severe allergy when it comes to proclaiming the “Go Commission”. They must go out turbo-charged into the highways and byways, or wherever to make disciples and report back with their trophy and then inviting them into a convenient place like homes for further discipling. 

Satan has effectively blinded the Christians, which is obvious from the fact that the church is blissfully unaware of its fundamental expansionist agenda to disciple all nations.

God has designed His Ekklesia to fulfill its apostolic and prophetic role in the world. He is not interested in our great worship. The Devil must have good laugh that while you are having a wonderful service, he can be busy destroying souls. However, the Ruler of darkness is not as much a problem as is the darkness in the church; otherwise, the world would have been discipled several times over by now (Rom. 12: 1-2). “If the gospel is veiled, it is veiled to those who are perishing, whose minds the god of this age has blinded, who do not believe, lest the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, the image of God, should shine on them” (2 Cor. 4:3-4).

SOUL WINNING IS A DAILY BUSINESS

There are many churches where Sunday worship has been held regularly for ages but hardly any new souls have been added and that too by transfer, rather than by conversion. There is a great drought of soul savers in such churches and therefore of no use to God. Perhaps there is a misconception that making disciples is somebody else’s job. However, the truth is that if you want to enter the Kingdom of God, then it is very much your job. 

Yeshua rebuked His disciples for the hardness of their hearts, by commanding them to go preach the gospel to every creature (Mark 16:14-15). Paul advised Timothy, “Be instant to preach the gospel in season and out of season, to convince, rebuke, exhort with all long-suffering, and to teach (2 Tim. 4:2). The challenge before the church is to equip His flock to be missionaries in their workplaces. Effective spiritual management of weekends and of lunch breaks at one’s worksite should result in fruitfulness. In this way, the Ekklesia can function daily.

GOD WORKS ALL DAY, EVERY DAY

God rested on the seventh day, not because He was tired and needed a rest. The word “rested,” here means that He finished the work of creation (Gen. 2:2; John 5:17; 9:4; 4:34; 15:1). Our Lord led a hectic day every day. He walked to Capernaum on a Sunday to lead a large healing-and-deliverance crusade. He went to Peter’s house to heal his mother-in-law. Next day at the crack of dawn, He went to a solitary place to pray, and then went to the lakeside where He asked His future disciples to launch out into the deep (Luke 4:16-43; 5:1-6; Mark 1:35). He walked 40 miles to keep a lunch appointment with a Samaritan woman. Yeshua walked about 3,000 miles during His ministry.

Even on the day of His resurrection, instead of holding a great celebration (no one was waiting with garlands), early Sunday morning He instructed Mary Magdalene to inform the brethren about His travel plans to go to Galilee (John 20:15-18). He walked ten miles with Cleopas and a friend to Emmaus where he discipled them (Luke 24:13-18). Yeshua came back the same evening to Jerusalem where He encouraged His frightened disciples who had gathered secretly. He commissioned them saying, “As the Father has sent Me, so I send you also” (John 20:19-23). Yeshua was busy all-day Sunday making disciples. If we imitated our Master, then there would be a good chance of reaching the finish line in our generation. However, be prepared for the wrath that is bound to follow from within. (Acts 26:17,18)

SUNDAY WORSHIP IS NOT IN THE SCRIPTURES

Believers are busy all week making money. They only take a break once a week to get busy again on Mondays. Instead of being salt and light to the world, the church is resting, mistaking Sunday for the Jewish Sabbath. Millions of people are going to hell while God’s people are taking a rest. The Devil must have given us a weekly day of rest because hell keeps its gates open seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day (Isa. 5:13-14). In heaven, the angels give glory, honor and thanks to God, day and night (Rev. 4:4-11). Yeshua could not have given us a weekly day of rest, because He did not rest, nor did he ask His disciples to rest once a week. This is so because He does not want anyone to perish (2 Pet. 3:9)

ROTTING GRAINARIES

A farmer gathers his harvest and stores it in a granary, disposes of it as soon as he can, and immediately gets busy preparing the field for the next season’s harvest before the land get over-run by weeds. The modern church gathers its harvest and keeps it in the granary (church building) until it rots, failing to prepare for another season’s crop.

In Israel, the land of Yeshua, anti-conversion laws are in effect. You can be jailed for converting anyone or by inducement or anyone under eighteen years of age. Some years ago, on the Mount of Olives, a pastor of a 1200-member Messianic church in Jerusalem heard a little Indian lady mention that Yeshua had given His Great Commission on this very Hill, and how it is being obeyed all over the world, and now she was bringing it back from India to complete the circle. The pastor went and divided his church into 20 groups to minister to different areas of the city. Since then, they have multiplied into many more. 

In Burma, the Military Junta closed a church that had 1000 members. They began meeting in homes, and now have 12,000 members. In Cuba, Fidel Castro refused permission to construct church buildings, ordering Christians to meet in their homes, thereby igniting a house Ekklesia movement. This is proving to be a blessing wherever oppressive governments do not give permission to build worship centers.

PEOPLE READ THE SCRIPTURES BUT DO NOT PRACTICE THE TRUTH

The rich man in hell wanted Lazarus to go preach the gospel to his brothers, but Abraham told him that they have the Scriptures. Bereans did not just study the Scriptures but searched them to check out whether what Paul was teaching was right (Acts 17:11).

The Discovery and Inductive Bible study Methods have proved to be excellent way of studying the Scriptures in small groups. You select a passage, then break out in small groups that read and discuss it among themselves, replying to three queries called the three ‘I’s:

1. What Insights did you gain?

2. How are you going to Implement them?

3. To whom are you going Impart (share) them?

God said, “My people are being destroyed for lack of knowledge” (Hosea 4:6). However, bible study groups that just boost knowledge but do not transform lives that transform other lives, is no use to the Lord. The religious Levite and the Scribe who had a lot of knowledge of the Scriptures, lost their piece of the divine pie, but the nonreligious ignorant Samaritan man and woman got it by saving lives. Jesus saved a sinner even at His dying moments. Lots of knowledge of the Scripture with no application is mere hog wash (Prov. 24:10-12).

THE GREAT COMMISSION IS ACTUALLY A BLOOD COVENANT

Yeshua said, “All authority is heaven and earth has been given to me therefore, go and make disciples of all nations, baptize and teach them to obey and lo! I am with you always” (Matt. 28:18-20). He did not say “you go” but implied “let us go.” That is why He said, “Lo! I am with you always.” He further clarified this when He chose the seventy disciples and sent them two by two, “wherever He was to go” (Luke 10:1). He promised that he would be present wherever two or three gathered in His name (Matt. 18:18-20). So, the Great Commission is in reality a powerful blood covenant (beryth=cut) to partner for discipling the nations where the crucified Yeshua is the senior partner while those willing to be His witnesses (martyrs) are the junior partners (Acts 1:8). 

HOSPITALITY IS THE SECRET OF EXPONENTIAL GROWTH

The church has become the exclusive domain of the Christians, by the Christians, for the Christians. It has lost its key role of a hospitality provider to the week and the meek whom God has chosen to be inheritors of the Kingdom (Matt. 5:5; James 2:5; Titus 1:8). Those who subscribe to serving the Lord’s Supper only to baptized believers beware - the early Ekklesia grew exponentially because it provided holistic care including breaking bread with the poor (Gal 2:10), widows and orphans (Acts 6:1; James 1:27; Gentiles (Acts 11:1-3), unbaptized non-believers (Luke 10:5-8; 1Cor. 14:24,25) etc. The best way to entertain angels is to provide hospitality to strangers (Heb. 13:2).

Copyright © 2023 Victor Choudhrie

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